Jacksonian Democracy and the Second Party System

1st Party System 1789-1800 of Federalists & Republicans; caucus

Virginia Dynasty 1801-1824 of Jefferson, Madison, Monroe; elite

electoral changes - "one of the most striking changes of the 19th century" was the popular election of electors; property and religious qualifications removed from suffrage; use of printed ballot.

new issues stimulated voting - national bank, antimasonry

growth of state political machines - Albany Regency of Martin Van Buren used 1821 convention to change state constitution, overthrow the Clintons, "to the victor belong the spoils" (William Marcy) - Richmond Junto of Thomas Ritchie published Richmond Enquirer - Nashville Junto of Amos Kendall promoted Jackson

"corrupt bargain" of 1825 gave election to John Q. Adams; Henry Clay became Secretary of State; Jackson began to created a new party

Democratic party elected Jackson in 1828 and 1832; elected Van Buren in 1836

Whig party developed from the National-Republicans of Henry Clay 1832-34 to oppose the Democratic-Republicans of Jackson; elected William H. Harrison 1840

new electioneering methods developed to increase voter participation - Hickory Clubs, parades, songs, lithographs

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