Allon Plan from Time 2/7/69

• support for the "dual pillar" of Saudi Arabia and Iran, but also support for Israel -Arab world opposed Israel occupation of the Sinai and West Bank in the 1967 Six-Day War - Israel ignored UN252
• Nixon Doctrine caused increase in foreign aid, arms exports to Israel under PM Golda Meir
  
• U.S. did not recognize territory gained by Israel in 1967 Six-Day War
  
• Russian missiles to Egypt after Six-Day War
  
• Jordan crisis Sept. 1970 - Syrian tank invasion - PLO blew up 3 airliners Sept. 12 - Israel mobilized to help Jordan with US approval, but Jordan stopped Syria on its own and Hussein expelled PLO - US aid to Isral increased - F4 Phantom jets
• Nassar died Sept. 28, 1970 - Anwar Sadat hoped to lead Arab world and planned next war with Faisal of SA and Assad of Syria - Russian aid increased - SCUD missles with 200-mile range by 1973 - Russian advisers expelled July 18, 1973, when Russia refused increase in aid to Egypt after Nixon's trip to Moscow in May and the USSR-US grain deal July 8, 1973
  

Yom Kippur War

• War began Oct. 6, 1973 - Egypt and Syria attack Israel
  
• huge Israeli losses Oct. 6-7 - 2000 dead, 340 captured, 49 planes, 500 tanks
  
• Nixon approved massive airlift to Israel, over objections of Secretary of Defense John Schlesinger and Secretary of State Kissinger who feared Arab oil embargo and Russian intervention
  

  Suez from Time 2/7/69

• Oct. 11 - C5A cargo jets began to deliver 200 tons per day to Israel
  
• Oct. 12 - War Powers Act passed
  
• Oct. 13 - UN passed resolution for ceasefire based on UN232 from 1967
  
• Oct. 15 - Israel crossed Suez and attacked West Bank in Egypt
  
• Oct. 18 - Russia supported UN ceasefire
  
• Oct. 19 - SA asked U.S. to support UN232, but Nixon asked Congress for $2.2b emergency aid for Israel
  
• Oct. 20 - SA began oil embargo - but U.S. imports continued from other countries
  
• Kissinger flew to Moscow Oct. 20 with the "full authority" to negotiate a ceasefire
  
• Oct. 22 - U.N. approved Russian ceasefire-in-place, but ignored by Israel, esp. by Gen. Ariel Sharon, hero of the war and opponent of peace with Arabs - Israel seeking to surround and trap the Egyptian 3rd Corps of 35,000 on the East Bank and isolate Suez City
  
• Oct. 24 - Brezhnev ultimatum - ceasefire must be enforced by joint US-USSR force to save Egyptian army, Or Russia would intervene unilaterally - Russia went on military alert and began to resupply Egyptian 2nd Army in the north, supposedly with nuclear warheads on SCUD missles.
  
• Oct. 25 - Nixon order DEFCON 3 alert and sent note to Brezhnev urging UN solution
  
• Oct. 26 - Russian alert ended - UN passed the jointly-sponsored US-USSR resolution 338 to create 7000-man buffer zone force from non-nuclear members
  
• Kissinger began "shuttle diplomacy" 1973-75 to follow his "American Plan" that separated ceasefire from long-range problems, and reduced Russian involvement

Sinai from Time 1/28/74

Ceasefire - Nov. 1973

• Sadat concession of accepting a corridor to Suez in return for releasing Israeli POWs
  
• Kilometer 101 agreement Nov. 11 after Israeli Cabinet approved 6-point agreement from Undersecretary Joseph Cisco: corridor, POWS, UN338 checkpoints, end of Egyptian blockade of Red Sea, end of Israel siege of Suez City
  
• results: U.S.-Egyptian diplomatic relations resume since broken 1967; Herman Eilts to be U.S. ambassador to Cairo
  
• Kissinger trip to Feisal unsuccessful - oil embargo continued
  
• French Foreign Minister Michel Jobert critical of US-USSR detente; ignored NATO; Europe needed Arab oil; France sought to develop independent nuclear force
  

Sinai Disengagement - Jan. 1974

• Sadat's 3 concessions: Israel could keep Giddi and Mitla Passes in Sinai; Egyptian SAM missle pullback 30 km; Egyptian tank pullback across Suez
  
• Kissinger persuades Golda Meir to accept and pullback Israeli forces 20 mi.
  
• signed at Kilometer 101 Jan. 18
  
• results: end of oil embargo by March and start of Geneva conference Dec. 21
  

Syria Disengagement - May 1974

Syria from Time 4/22/74

• Shuttle Diplomacy - Kissinger went 24230 miles in 34 days with Nancy (married Mar. 30)
  
• indirect pressure: "I will leave for Damascus at 11 o'clock. Give me your position."
  
• UN buffer zone between Syria and Israeli-held Golan Heights; no Syrian guns in range of Quneitra (1200 artillery duels since ceasefire); pullback to 3 zones; return of 154 sq. mi. to Syria from Oct. War, and 30 sq. mi. from 1967 War, including orchards planted by Israelis at Quneitra; Israel to keep military position on Mt. Hermon and 3 hills overlooking Quneitra
• Kissinger praised as "The Miracle Worker" but Nixon's popularity declined
• Nixon trip in June - US aid to Syria, Jordan, Israel, and nuclear reactor to Egypt - but Watergate scandal casued resignation Aug. 8, 1974

Sinai One Agreement - Sep. 1975

• Israel returned to Egypt 2 passes and oil field; Sadat promised no use of force against Israel; US to send 200 technicians to Sinai because Israel did not trust UN force; secret memo to supply Israel with advanced weapons- Lebanon war between PLO, Syria postponed of final peace until Camp David 1978
  

---