Henry Kissinger ------ << --- >>

Dobrynin

• arms limitation, relative security, linkage of issues, building block approach
  
• Kissinger believed "peace was not a universal realization of one nation's desires, but a general acceptance of a concept of international order."
  
• Soviets had built stockpile of 1200 ICBMs, especially the SS-9
  
• Nixon under pressure from JCS to expand U.S. arsenal of 1054 ICBMs, Polaris subs with 656 missiles, 450 B-52 bombers - sought to deploy new MIRV warheads - Multiple Independently-targeted Reentry Vehicle - and ABMs - Anti-Ballistic Missile defense - 1
  
• Kissinger worked closely with Dobrynin from Helsinki meeting Nov. 17, 1969 to Moscow summit May 22-29, 1972
  
• agreement in Nov. 1971 to sell $136m wheat, and $125 oil drilling equipment to Russia
  
• Nixon arrived in China Feb. 21 - Shanghai Communique
  
• SALT I Treaty signed with Brezhnev in Moscow May 29, 1972 - ICBM numbers frozen for 5 years, giving Russia more missiles but U.S. allowed to deploy MIRV warheads; both allowed to deploy 2 ABM sites but no more; Basic Principles accepted concept of equality of strategic aresenals
  
• Brezhnev agreed to help Nixon push North Vietnam to negotiate end to war, and Nixon began trade with Russia, sale of wheat, Siberian gas investment - but Sen. Henry Jackson led passage of Jackson-Vanik amendment to withhold most favored nation status until Russia allowed unlimited Jewish emigration and guaranteed human rights
  
• Cienfuegos issue handled with quiet diplomacy rather than grow into a public crisis that might destroy detente
  
  • 8/26/70 - U2 photos of new sub base in south Cuba; Russian fleet arrived Sep. 9
    
  • 9/16/70 - U.S. issued public warning - no missle subs in Cuba
    
  • 10/10/70 - subs left Cuba when U.S. said it considered event a "training exercise"
    
  • 11/7/70 - sub tender returned, U.S. protested, tender left 1/3/71
    
  • 2/14/71 - Russian fleet returned, U.S. protest, fleet left 3/1/71
    
  • 5/10/71 - Russian tender and sub returned, U.S. protest, again ships left
    
• Willy Brandt sought German detent with Russia - "Ostpolitik" - led negotiations that resulted in Helsinki Treaty 1975 - existing boundaries of Europe confirmed, especially West Berlin belonged to West Germany - both Germanys admitted to UN - Eastern Europe agree to "basket 3" human rights agreement