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Khrushchev, Gomulka, Bulganin 1956
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Hungary 1956
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Khrushchev secret speech at 20th Congress Feb. 1956
- de-Stalinization, "peaceful co-existence"
- "many roads to socialism"
Party Secretary Gomulka sought independent Poland Oct. 1956
- Khru flew to Warsaw Oct. 19, confronted Gomulka on tarmac
- but accepted Gomulka's independent socialism Oct. 20
Hungarian revolt Nov. 1956
- Nagy recognized as PM of Hungary Oct. 29 but sought to leave the Warsaw Pact
- Khru sent Russian troops Nov. 3
- U.S. rhetoric of "liberation" & "rollback"
- U.S. balloon caused air crash in Czech. 3/56
Suez Crisis Nov. 1956
- Nasser seized the Canal July 26
- Israel launched attack Oct. 29, seized Gaza Strip and moved toward Sharm el-Sheikh to blockade the Gulf of Aqaba
- Britain and France Oct. 30 ultimatum to Nasser and Israel: withdraw troops and evacuate the Canal in 12 hours
- Britain and France Oct. 31 air attack on Egypt
- Dulles Nov. 2 arranged UN ceasefire resolution
- Bulganin Nov. 5 warned Britain and France to stop invasion or Russia would bomb cities; Ike placed U.S. nuclear forces on worldwide alert
- Ike Nov. 6 defeated Stevenson in presidential election; Eden stopped British invasion
- ceasefire began Nov. 11, but Israel kept Gaza and Sharm el-Sheikh
- Britain and France Nov. 30 withdrew from Suez
- Eisenhower Doctrine announced Jan. 5, 1957, in request to Congress for appropriation to aid Mideast
- Ike Feb. 28 on TV announced U.S. support of UN sanctions against Israel
- Golda Meier Mar. 1 announced Israel withdraw, left Sinai by Mar. 6, Canal re-opened Mar. 29
- Ike Mar. 9 signed joint resolution passed Mar. 8 approving Eisenhower Doctrine; U.S. became a dominant power in the Mideast
Vostok rocket launched 1st ICBM Aug. 26, 1957
- liquid fuel, multi-stage developed by Sergei Korolev
Lockheed's solid fuel Polaris, Raytheon's Hawk (Patriot)
- but AF's Atlas not ready - "missile gap" by critics
Sputnik I launched Oct. 4, 1957 - 184 lbs - 1st satellite
Sputnik II launched Nov. 3 - 1120 lbs - Laika, not Checkers
- Laika died in space - no landing of capsule
Ike national TV address Nov. 7 - need for reassurance
- same day as 40th anniversary of Russian Revolution
- agreed with Gaither Report for new programs - 1
- especially the "big job of molding public opinion as well as avoiding extremes. We must get the American public to understand that we are confronting a tough problem that we can lick."
Ike's 3rd stroke Nov. 26, 1957 - 1
LBJ's Preparedness subcommittee investigation Nov. 28
Vanguard rocket with 1st satellite failed Dec. 6
- exploded 2 seconds after ignition at Cape Canaveral on live TV
Ike created civilian ARPA for anti-missile research Jan. 22
Explorer I launched Jan. 31, 1958 - 31 lbs - 1
- Jupiter rocket carried the first of 31 satellites launched during Ike's presidency
- newspaper headlines from Huntsville Times - 1
Ike created Killian Committee Feb. 4 to reorganize America's space and rocket program
Life mag. story "Crisis in Education" Mar. 24, 1958
Lyndon Johnson led Congress to create NASA July 16 as the nation's civilian space agency
- NASA began Mercury project using Atlas rocket
1958 - Year of Great Tests - Hardtack series until Aug. 22
midterm elections in Nov. 1958 won by Democrats
next - Kitchen Debate
Sources:
- Beschloss, Michael R. MAYDAY: Eisenhower, Khrushchev and the U-2 Affair. New York: Harper, 1986.
- Crankshaw, Edward. Khrushchev: A Career. New York: Viking, 1966.
revised 4/5/02 by Schoenherr | Mideast Policies | Cold War Policies
