Nixon from Time 1959/7/13

Nixon's Trip to Moscow

• set new 8 hr-45min. nonstop record in 707 - 1

July 24, 10 am - Nixon met Khrushchev at Kremlin

• group portrait with Khru, Kozlov, Nixon, Gregory Zhukov, 1st Deputy Premier Mikoyan, Ambass. L. Thompson, Milton Eisenhower
• The debate began in Khrushchev's office - 1
• Khru: he used to be poor also, shoveled cow -- and nothing smells worse.
• Nixon: pig -- smells worse
• Khru: "It stinks like fresh horse --"

Impromptu debate took place in Pavilion; recorded on new Ampex color videotape - Telenews clip

debate continued at the free Pepsi stand, with Milton Eisenhower - 1

debate continued at the model home with GE electric kitchen

Nixon: "This is the newest model. This is the kind which is built in thousands of units for direct installation in the houses.... Our steel workers, as youb know, are on strike. But any steel worker could buy this house. They earn $3 an hour. This house costs about $100 a month to buy on a contract running 25 to 30 years."

Khrushchev: "The Americans have created their own image of the Soviet man and thinks he is as you want him to be. But he is not as you think. You think the Russian people will be dumfounded to see these things, but the fact is that newly built Russian houses have all this equipment right now. Moreover, all you have to do to get a house is to be born in the Soviet Union... Yet you say that we are slaves to communism."

July 24, 6pm - official opening ceremonies start second tour

July 24, 9pm - wine toasts end second tour

Khrushchev: "A good wine. To the elimination of all military bases on foreign lands."

Nixon: "I am for peace. We will drink to talking - as long as we are talking we are not fighting... One hundred years of life. I will drink to that."

Khrushchev: "When I reach 99 years, we will discuss the question of bases further."

Nixon: "You mean that at 99 you will still be in power? No free elections?"

July 25 - on 2nd day, Nixon toured Moscow

• Spaso House dinner
• 30 mile trip to Dacha guest house

• Moscow River boat ride - "Are you captive people?"
• 6-hour whitefish picnic in the trees near Dacha
• return to Spaso House

• Leningrad shipyards
• Novosibirsk ballet
• Ural hydroelectric plant
• Sverdlovsk city council
• Petrolyarsk copper mine
• Beloyarsk nuclear power plant

Aug. 2 - Nixon trip to Poland

• Tomb of Unknown Soldier
• Warsaw Ghetto Shrine
• meeting with Gomulka

Sept 12 - Russian Luna II hit moon

Khrushchev Trip to the U.S.

• helicopter ride over D.C.
• escorted by Henry Cabot Lodge to New York
• tour of Can Can set in Hollywod (no Disneyland)
• San Francisco, Roswell Garst farm in Iowa, steel mill in Pittsburgh
• Camp David meeting with Ike - bowling unknown in USSR
• "Spirit of Camp David" - Paris summit planned
• Ike agreed that Berlin "abnormal"
• Ike polls up from 49% in '57 to 66% in '59

Feb. 10, 1960 - De Gaulle tested first French A-bomb

• De Gaulle had returned to power in the 1958 Algerian crisis and created the Fifth Republic on May 29, 1958

• Fidel Castro had won his revolution against Batista in 1959 and became the first successful Marxist leader in the American hemisphere

March 24, 1960 - Ike agreed to stop U.S. atomic tests

U-2 Crisis

• photo and description of U-2 from Air Force Museum
• map of U-2 route over Russia from The American Experience

May 1 - Gary Powers' U-2 shot down by SAM-2 missile

May 3 - "weather plane" cover story released to press

May 6 - U.S. named Powers as pilot of the "weather plane"

May 7 - Ike learned from Malik slip that Powers was alive

• 1st admission made that U.S. spied on Russia
• but no apology or admission of presidential responsibility

• U-2 wreckage still on display at the Central Army Museum in Moscow

• with secret camera in nose, unknown to Ike

May 16 - Khrushchev cancelled Ike's Moscow visit; refused any summit agreements

May 19 - Ike left Paris after Khru shook fist

May 22 - Midas 2 launched -1st infrared spy satellite

July 1 - RB-47 shot down

Aug. 10, - Discoverer 13 launched

• first successful test, after 12 failures, of the CORONA system approved by Eisenhower Feb. 7, 1958, to use rocket-launched satellites with cameras that returned film to earth in a cannister.

• the satellite "orbited the Earth for a day, and returned its canister to earth, where it was snatched out the air by a specially equipped aircraft on August 19. The camera carried on that flight would be retroactively designated the KH-1 (KH for KEYHOLE) and was cable of producing images with resolution in the area of 25-40 feet - a far cry from what would be standard in only a few years. It did yield, however, more images of the Soviet Union in its single day of operation than did the entire U-2 program" (quote from U.S. Satellite Imagery, 1960-1999 by Jeffrey T. Richelson)

Aug. 19, 1960 - Powers made confession during trial

• "deeply repentant and profoundly sorry"
• jailed in Russia until exchanged for Rudolf Abel in Feb. 1962

Sep. 21- Khrushchev arrived in U.S. for 25 days

• to attend United Nations session
• Nehru, Nasser, Tito, Sukarno plus 14 new nations
• Khrushchev pounded table during Macmillan's speech
• Khrushchev embraced Castro

Nov. 4, 1960 - Kennedy defeated Nixon 34,227,096 to 34,108,546