Roots:

• pro-business 1920's of Cooldege, Hoover
  
• anti-New Deal 1930's of Liberty League
  
• anti-communist postwar of McCarran, McCarthy
  
• anti-Truman of 1951 Great Debate
  

Opposition to Eisenhower

• 1952 election
  
  • Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge was Ike's campaign manager - alliance of moderates
    
  • Taft lacked popular appeal - dumped by Henry Luce
    
  • Nixon from important state of California - delegation chief Earl Warren appointed to Supreme Court
    
  • William Knowland became Majority leader
    
• Charles Bohlen debate
  
  • appointed ambassador to Russia, but liberal
    
• Bricker Amendment
  
  • Congress to approve all executive agreements; no treaty in conflict with state law
    
• Vietnam 1954
  
  • Ike refused Op. Vulture favored by China Lobby
    
  • however, Ike supported Catholic Diem government
    
• Quemoy and Matsu
  
  • Ike refused bombing of China, use of U.S. troops
    
  • however, Knowland's Taiwan Treaty approved Dec. 2, 1954 - and Formosa Resolution 1955 pledge of U.S. defense of Taiwan
    
• Geneva Summit 1954
  
  • Ike tried negotiation with Russians, Open Skies disarmament plan of Rockefeller
    
  • however, arms race accelerated
    
• Civil Rights
  
  • Ike supported desegregation after Brown decision 1954
    
  • however, state pupil placement laws, interposition of local school boards
    
• midterm elections 1954
  
  • Democrats regained control of Senate 49-47, and of House 232-203
    
• McCarthy censure
  
  • debate in Senate Nov. 10-Dec. 2
    
• election of 1956
  
  • Democrats kept Senate 49-47 and House 232-199
    

Rise of Barry Goldwater

Senate 1952-60

• defeated Ernest McFarland 1952 - became 1st Republican Senator from Arizona since 1920
  
• image of rugged individualist from West - postwar boom for western states
  
• supported congressional Termination program 1953 of Utah Sen. Arthur Watkins
  
• 1955 chairman of Senate Republican Campaign Committee - important contacts
  
• opposed organized labor, esp. CIO PAC in '54 and '56 elections
  
• Senate speech April 8, 1957 - public break with Ike over budget
  
• speech attacked "siren of socialism" - "foreign giveaways" - "slavish economic indigence
  
• Operation Dixie to win South
  
• 1957 Senate Rackets Committee of John McClellan
  
• 1958 hearings into Kohler strike and Walter Reuther
  
• 1958 Robert Welch founded John Birch Society in Dec. - emphasis on an organized communist conspiracy to infiltrate America - supported by Ezra Taft Benson, Mormon church leader and Secretary of Agriculture
  
• 1959 Landrum-Griffin Act to attack labor union corruption, strengthen Taft-Hartley
  

1960 Election

• 1959 Americans for Goldwater - chairman Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer
  
• 1960 book Conscience of a Conservative published in March - sold 3.5m in 4 years - ghosted by L. Brent Bozell, editor of National Review and brother-in-law of William Buckley, hired by Clarence Manion of John Birch Society
  
  • theme of individualism vs. leviathan Government - need to restore states rights, "freedom of work" by state right-to-work laws, opposed "socialism through welfarism" and school integration, favored greater efforts to confront communism
    
• 1960 Chicago Convention nominated Nixon, and Goldwater stressed party unity, campaigned for Nixon
  

1964 Campaign

• 1961 "Statement of Proposed Republican Principles" praised in media as the "forgotten American" message
  
• 1961 - introduced legislation for Central Arizona Project
  
• pro-voting rights, pro-amendment to abolish poll tax - but human/social rights different
  
• 1962 - book Why Not Victory on foreign policy - critical of JFK's failure to use military power in Bay of Pigs, Africa, Laos, Berlin Wall
  
• John Tower won 1961 special election to fill LBJ Senate seat - was Goldwater Republican
  
• Wyoming passed resolution to repeal income tax, later opposed for aid, UN
  
• Nov. 1962 - Democrats won midterm elections - added 4 Senate, lost only 2 House
  
• Pat Brown stopped Nixon comeback in California - Nixon had attacked Repub Right extremists and Birchers - held last press conference Nov 7 - left California for NYC May 1, 1963 and seeemed to have given up politics - no new conservatives appeared to challenge Goldwater
  
• 85-yr old Carl Hayden still won in Arizona
  
• Feb 1963 Gallup poll gave Rocky 49% to Goldwater 17%
  
• May 4 - Rocky m. Margaretta "Happy" Murphy, 36, divorced only one month earlier from her husband and gave him custody of 4 children
  
• polls changed after marriage - in June = G 35% to Rocky 30% and Romney 16% - in July= 38% to 28%
  
• JFK's civil rights bill in June 63 - Goldwater opposed public accomodatioin section - instead, favored "voluntarism not compulsion"
  
• Goldwater opposed test ban treaty in Aug and Sep 1963, but passed Senate 80-19
  
• Goldwater opposed gradutated income tax, wanted reform of IRS in Sept.
  
• Aug. interview with Alsop - willing to sell TVA - no firstclass brain
  
• Jan 3, 1964 - Goldwater declared his candidacy
  
• new intelligence advisor Wm Baroody of American Enterprise Institute - Buckley, Bill Rusher, Bozell were excluded
  
• May 30 - Happy gave birth to Nelson, Jr. just before California primary - won with 51.4% vote
  
• Goldwater opposed 1964 Civil Rights Bill
  
• Republican convention at San Francisco Cow Palace - most delegates pro-Goldwater - only 25 of 1308 delegates were black, but included 100 Birchers
  
• Goldwater picked William Miller as VP - from NY
  
• July 16 acceptance speech
  
• LBJ used unprecedented negative campaign against Goldwater
  
• Wallace quit July 19 - question left open regarding "white backlash" vote
  
• July 24 met LBJ in WH - agreed to not exploit issues of race, Vietnam - Goldwater deprived America of debate on Vietnam before Great Escalation
  
• campaign was training ground for future Republicans - Jeb Magruder. Richard Kleindienst, Mike Deaver, David Stockman, George Will, Phyllis Schafly
  
• Nixon emerged to support and campaign for Goldwater - 150 appearances in 36 states
  
• Sep 7 - daisy girl ad on NBC's Monday Night at the Movies - 5 days later girl licking ice cream cone while narrator said children died of fallout before Test Ban Treaty - the "nuclear issue" also theme in Kubrick's film Dr. Strangelove
  
• Oct. 14 - story broke of Walter Jenkins arrest week before for homosexual acts in YMCA bathroom in D.C. - was special assist to president and father of 6 - LBJ quickly asked for resignation - but 2 days later story broke of Khruschev ouster, explosion of China A-bomb, victory of British Labor party over Conservative party
  
• Nov. 3 - LBJ won 61% to 39%, 486-52 - (27m voted for Goldwater)
  
• George Bush was pro-Goldwater in race against incumbent Ralph Yarborough - Bush also opposed Civil Rights Act - lost
  
• But Goldwater won 5 deep south states - continued polarization of South by race, with blacks going to Democratic party and whites to Republican party
  
• Goldwater also gained votes in north among urban ethnic Catholics
  
• Goldwater also did well in West
  
• 1964 election showed beginning of West-South-urban ethnic coalition
  

1964-68

• afer election, Richard Viguerie began building lists of Goldwater contributors for national direct-mail network
  
• Reagan was co-chair for Goldwater campaign in California - Oct. 27 national TV speech "A Time for Choosing" - next day the first Reagan for President organization was created in Owosso, Mich
  
• 1966 midterm elections won by Republicans - 25 of 35 governor seats, 18 of 32 Senate seats, 47 House seats - especially Reagan defeated Gov. Pat Brown by 1m votes
  
• Central Arizona Project finally authorized by LBJ Sept. 1968 - $1.3b budget - last major federal water project in the West
  
• Goldwater won reelection to Senate 1968