Class A trials Jan. 1946-Nov. 12, 1948

• 27 major Japanese leaders, esp. Tojo, Matsuoka, Hirota (PM 1937), Hiranuma
  
• no acquittals - 7 given death (6 generals: Tojo, Itagaki, Doihara, Matsui, Muto, Kimura and 1 civilian: Hirota) - executed Dec. 23 by hanging
  
• question of emperor's responsibility - Henry Pu-yi had testified - was last "emperor" of China
  
  • Russian rep on 11-judge tribunal wanted Hirohito to testify
    
  • but MacA. refused - needed coop of emperor
    
• no industrialists tried
  
• most of 210,000 other trial figures simply purged, ff SCAP order No. 550
  
  • no "militarist" allowed to hold public office
    

Tokyo Rose:

• actually a dozen women, most Nisei from U.S. who had returned to Japan
  
• Iva Toguri - convicted
  
  • visiting Japan 1941 - unable to get ship home after PH
    
  • job in Radio Tokyo typing pool
    
  • married Italian D'Aquino
    
  • 3 Allied POWs did program Zero Hour
    
  • she only read the propaganda they wrote, starting Nov. 1943
    
  • after Leyte Gulf: "how will you orphans of Pacific get home now"
    
  • this statement caused her conviction on one count of treason
    
• Hearst story Sept. 4, 1945 - arrested Sept 5 - released
  
• 1948 application for passport for LA with husband - Walter Winchell broadcast
  
• arrested in San Fran Sept. 25, 1948
  
• trial in San Fran July-Oct. 1949 - sentenced to 10 years beg. Nov. 15
  
  • U.S. Occupation Police pressured 2 Radio Tokyo officials testimony
    
• paroled after 6 years and 2 mos. - to Chicago w/ father (interned until 1943)
  
• pardoned by Gerald Ford last day in office Jan 1977
  

Unit 731:

• Gen. Ishii's bacteriological warfare unit in Manchuria
  
• killed at least 3000 Chinese
  
• 20 members captured by Russians 1945 - prison until repatriation to Japan 1956
  
• Allied coverup, acc to book Unit 731 by Peter Williams and David Wallace in 1989
  

Links:

• Justice Under the Sun: Japanese War Crime Trials by Robert Barr Smith