"Squadron of Evolution" of steel cruisers 1895

USS Oregon battleship 1890, cost $6 million, 1st with nickel-steel 18-inch armor, with 4 13-inch guns

Benjamin Harrison 1889-93

• "Billion $ Congress" - T. Reed, N. Aldrich
  
• appoints Ben. Tracy - "Blue Water" admirals
  
• crises: Haiti, Chile, Italy, Samoa
  
• Squadron of Evolution sent around world
  
• First Annual Report Dec. 1889 - "a fighting force"
  
• Navy Act of 1890 - Hale, Boutelle, Lodge, Hawley
  
• "sea-going coast-line battleships" of 10,000 tons
  
• 2 fleets replace "distant stations"
  

Grover Cleveland 1893-96

• pro-Mahan strategy of Hilary Herbert
• political reasons