New York

I. A 3rd Regional Culture

• pluralism
  
• imperial axis
  
• Hudson River
  
• borderland
  

II. Dutch culture 1609-1664

• Henry Hudson 1609 for Dutch East India Co.
  
  • claims Delaware & Hudson rivers
    
  • but Curacao more important
    
• United Provinces - "middle men of Europe"
  
  • bourgeois of Amsterdam in Holland
    
  • strength was trade, not colonization
    
• New Netherland Co. 1614
  
  • f. Fort Nassau trade post
    
  • Treaty with Iroquois
    
• Dutch West India Co. 1621
  
  • Fort Nassau (Fort Orange)
    
  • 30 Walloon families 1624
    
  • Verhulst buys 22000 acres for $24
    
• New Sweden Co. joins Dutch Co.
  
  • Minuit builds Fort Christina 1638
    
  • Johan Printz challenges Dutch 1643
    
• Charter of Privileges & Exemptions 1629
  
  • land used to attract settlers
    
• patroons - 18-mile grants for 50 settlers
  
  • J. Schuyler, K. Rensselaer
    
• bouweries - 200 acres for 5 settlers
  
  • Bronck
    
• 9 towns but no self-government
  
  • Breuckelen 1646
    
• William Kieft 1638-47
  
  • high taxes, Pavonia massacre
    
• Peter Stuyvesant 1647-64
  
  • law and order, regulated society
    
  • Court of Justice, Dutch Reformed Church
    
  • Broadway, Wall St.
    
  • "half-freedom" for slaves
    
  • tavern laws, Rattle Watch
    
  • defeats Prinz, builds Fort Casimir
    
• Anglo-Dutch Wars over trade
  
  • 1654 fleet seizes Jamaica
    
  • 1664 grants by Charles II
    
  • New Jersey to Berkeley, Carteret
    
  • New York to brother James
    
• Richard Nicolls seizes New Amsterdam
  

III. Dutch culture remains

• stoop, gambrel roof
  
• sleigh, ice skates, Easter eggs
  
• Sinterklaas, koekje, spinach
  
• boedel (estate) shared by mutual wills
  
• orthodox Leisler vs. anglican Rennselaer
  

IV. British imperial rule 1664-1776

• boundaries change
  
  • New Castle & 3 Counties 1674
    
  • Md. vs. Penn for Delaware
    
  • West NJ to Quakers 1674
    
  • East NJ to Barclay's Scots
    
• Richard Nicolls 1664-68
  
  • Duke's Laws - town governments
    
• Francis Lovelace 1668-74
  
  • mail service, merchant's exchange
    
  • 3rd Anglo-Dutch War 1673
    
• Edmund Andros 1674-83
  
  • Dominion of New England
    
  • kept Covenant Chain "brightened"
    

V. Borderland of upper New York

• Peter Schuyler
  
  • fur trade with Iroquois
    
  • Albany mayor 1686
    
• Robert Livingston
  
  • Scot married to Rennselaers
    
  • anglicized elite families
    
• Dominie Dellius
  
  • Albany cleric, anglicizer
    
  • allies with Mohawk Tahiadoris
    
• Hilletie
  
  • Mohawk-Dutch-French mediator
    
  • Mohawk Valley land speculator
    
• war with New France 1689
  
• Grand Settlement 1701
  
  • Iroquois neutrality
    

Links:

• Iroquois Constitution and background from Buffalo FreeNet, or from Tuscarora and Six Nations
• Iroquois Museum