18th Century Transformations
- Colonial Population: indentured servants, midwives, Elizabeth Freake, patriarchy, middle passage, "Where Historians Disagree," Royal African Company, slave codes, Huguenots, Palatinate, Scotch-Irish
- Colonial Economies: Eliza Lucas, Saugus, Hasenclever, specie, triangular trade
- Patterns of Society: Charles Carroll, Mulberry, Gullah, Stono
- Awakenings and Enlightenments : methodism, jeremiads, Whitefield, almanacs, Princeton, Zenger
Demographic changes
- Growth
- surge in population 1713-1763; from 500,000 to 2,000,000
- 33% were European immigrants, 20% were African slaves
- high fertility = 50 per 1000 birth rate, 7 children per family
- low mortality = life expectancy of 71 after infancy
- Transportation Act of 1718 - 50,000 convicts to MD and VA
- Migration
- British policy to put non-British whites on frontier as buffer
- Germanna, Opequon, Winchester, Chiswell, Salisbury
- Great Wagon Road southwest, down Shenandoah to GA
- westward to the Allegheny
- Peter Hasenclever at Kinnelon
- Pennsylvania
- William Penn - 1681 charter for proprietary Quaker colony
- First Frame of Government 1682 - Council of 72 - large land grants
- Penn arrived Oct. 1682 on ship Welcome - treaty with Indians
- Philadelphia plan 1683 of Thomas Holmes - orderly grid pattern
- Letter 1683 from Penn to Free Society of Traders for immigration
- Charter of Liberties 1683 - rise of small landowners in Assembly
- Penn's plan for a "peaceable kingdom" failed - returned 1684
- Philadelphia along waterfront; Quakers factions divided
- Arch Street Meeting House - "sense of the meeting"
- German immigration of "church" people and "plain" pious people
- Lutherans - Germantown, Stiegel in Mannheim, Geiger bros.
- Amish - Lancaster, inward and anti-authoritarian
- Dunkards pietistic sect - Christopher Sauer in Germantown
- Schwenkfelders to Goshenhoppen
- Moravians to Bethlehem - 227 craftsmen and iron forge by 1759
- Scotch-Irish immigration from Lowlands to Ulster
- James Logan from Belfast was Penn's secy , promoted Scotch-Irish
- Conestoga wagon, Pennsylvania rifle, trade with Indians
- Scots were anti-authoritarian, moved to back-country, Opequon
- Great Wagon Road southwest into Georgia
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revised 9/30/05 | Class