Transition to Radical Reconstruction:
1. The 1866 Elections
- many riots - New Orleans July 30, 1866 - blacks demonstrated for vote at a convention - whites oppd - 48 killed
- Memphis May 1 - 46 blacks killed - 91 homes burned , 4 churches, 12 schools
- Thomas Nast used the pen to oppose Johnson in the pages of Harper's Weekly
- see the
- Harper's Weekly illustrations fromHarpWeek, and biography of Thomas Nast
- results:
- Repub won 2/3 majority in both houses, won every state leg & govt. in North
- clear repudiation of AJ and his National Union Party of conservatives
- began transition to Radical Reconstruction
2. The 3 Acts of March 2, 1867:
1. Recon Act of 1867 - 5 Military Districts (map) - military commanders to determine eligible voters
2. Army Appropriations Act - Pres to issue all orders thru General of Army (Grant)
3. Tenure of Office Act - no removal from Cabinet w/out Senate approval - to protect Secy of War Stanton
- passed over AJ's veto - AJ complied - sent 20,000 troops - 703,000 blacks and 627,000 whites registered
- conventions called to write new constitutions w/ 14th amendment and suffrage
- all states reorganized and admitted to Congress by 1870
- "carpetbaggers" and "scalawags" play key role in southern state governments.
3. Positive Accomplishments:
Freedmen schools, public education, "academies" grew into colleges such as Fisk, Atlanta, Morehouse), freedmen income rose 46%, families legalized.
3. Negative Results:
Birth of a Nation (1915) film by D. W. Griffith
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