pictures -->

Rise of a Free Press 1474-1830

Harold Innis, EMPIRE AND COMMUNICATION

Lawrence Levy, LEGACY OF SUPPRESSION

The Age of Controls

Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain 1474-1504

Catholic counter-Reformation after 1517

Tudor power in England 1485-1603

Rise of the Newspaper 1609-1650

Stuart restoration in 1660 after civil war

Controls Begin to Loosen

1688 - Glorious Revolution - rise of Parliament

1690 - Benj. Harris's "Publick Occurrences" in Boston

1694 - Licensing Act ended

1704 - John Campbell's "Boston Newsletter"

1712 - Tory newspaper tax, limit reporting of Commons

1720 - "Cato's Letters" expressed Whig Country politics of John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon agaisnt the standing army of the King; were published in the "London Journal"

Rise of Free Press in America

1721 - Mass. ended licensing - rise of Assembly over royal Gov.

1733 - John Zenger's N.Y. "Weekly Journal"

1765 - Stamp Act

1770 - Boston "Massacre"

1776 - Declaration of Independence

1782 - Junius Wilkes of Phil. "Independent Gazeteer"

First Amendment

"Dark Ages" of the partisan press

Government control declined


revised 9/8/05 by Steven Schoenherr at the University of San Diego | pictures -->