The China Revolution

pictures --->

Wilson feared "wedge" of revolution 1911 and rise of Japan
Yuan Shih-kai replaces Sun Yat-sen
Koumintang's Sung Chiao-jen wins elections 1912
Yuan kills Sung March 1913 - civil war
Wilson grants recognition to Yuan May 2, 1913, to encourage a parliament
no support for 6-Power railroad consortium's loan, but Yuan gets money
Japan's 21 Demands - Shantung, Manchuria, Fukien
"territorial contiguity" allows "special relations"
Wilson agreed with Sen. James Phelan effort to stop Japanese immigration - already 50,000 arrived and Calif becoming a "Japanese plantation"
Webb Land Act 1913 to prohibit aliens owning land
strong Japanese opposition - fear of war - Navy sought preparedness
Wilson dissolved Bradley Fiske's Joint Board in April
Wilson used diplomacy, not military - sent WJB to Calif - Webb Act did not mention Japanese, only aliens "unqualified for citizenship"
realists in 1915 cabinet: Lansing (State), McAdoo (Treasury), Josephus Daniels (Navy), Lindley Garrison (War)
R. Lansing vs. minister P. Reinsch
Wilson follows "moral suasion", status quo
Lansing-Ishii Agreement 1917