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- maritime community of skilled navigators
- Enterprise of the Indies
- Ferdinand and Isabella unified Spain, expelled Moors, Inquisition
- Franciscan monks, banker Santangel
- Papal line of demarcation - Tordesillas
- 4 voyages made - also Ojeda, de Lepe, Cabral
- printing press
- Santangel letter published 1493, Peter Martyr
- Vespucci, Waldseemuller, Mercator
- Columbian Exchange
- from Europe: sugar, pig, smallpox
- from America: potato, tobacco, quinine
- Slave trade begins
- discovered pathway
- Magellan, Urdaneta, Verranzano
- colonization
- La Navidad, Santo Domingo
- Balboa to Panama, de Leon to Florida 1513
- conquistadores and missionaries
- Hernando de Soto to the Miss. R. 1541
- Juan de Onate to New Mexico 1598
- missions, encomiendas, ranchos
