Before 1815:

• 95% farmers
• staple export to Europe
• dependent on waterways
• dependent on merchants
• slow growth rate

After 1815:

• Clay's American System
  • high tariff, bank, transportation
• Marshall's Supreme Court
  • In Fletcher v. Peck 1810 he upheld the Yazoo land contracts
  • In Dartmouth College v. Woodward 1819 he agreed with Webster that " a grant is a contract"
  • In McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 he upheld the Bank of the United States right to charter and not be destroyed by state taxes
  • In Cohens v. Virginia 1821 he upheld the right of judicial review over state courts
  • In Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 he upheld the right of Thomas Gibbons to compete with the Fulton-Livingston-Ogden monopoly because commerce included navigation
  • In Worcester v. Georgia 1832 he overturned the GA law that claimed jurisdiction over Cherokee land, and upheld tribal sovereignty
• Taney's Supreme Court
  • Bank of Augusta, Charles River Bridge cases
• Transportation Revolution
  1. roads
  2. canals
  3. steamboats
  4. railroads
• Industrial Revolution
  • armory method
  • Francis Cabot Lowell
• Communications Revolution
  • Samuel Morse and the Telegraph
• Agricultural Revolution
• Immigration and Migration
• films:
  • How the West Was Won 1962 Cinerama
• maps