Egypt
1517 - Egypt became part of the Turkish Ottoman empire.
1859 - Construction of the Suez Canal began, finished in 1869.
1882 - British troops occupied Egypt.
1914 - Egypt became a British protectorate.
1922 - Fu'ad I became King of Egypt and Egypt gained its independence.
1928 - Muslim Brotherhood founded by Hasan al-Banna.
1936 - Faruq succeeded his father as King of Egypt.
1948 - Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Syria attacked the new state of Israel.
1949 - Hasan al-Banna of the Muslim Brotherhood was assassinated.
1952 - In January, anti-British riots took place in Cairo.
1952 - King Faruq abdicated in favour of his son Fu'ad II.
1952 - Gamal Abdul Nasser led a coup by the Free Officers' Movement, known as the July 23 Revolution, which resulted in Muhammad Najib becoming President and Prime Minister of Egypt.
1953 - In June, Egypt was proclaimed a Republic by Najib.
1954 - Nasser became prime minister and later, in 1956, president.
1954 - Evacuation Treaty signed and British forces, who began a gradual withdrawal in 1936, finally left Egypt.
1956 - In July, Nasser nationalised the Suez Canal to fund the Aswan High Dam. In October, Britain, France and Israel invaded Egypt due to the nationalisation of the Suez Canal. A ceasefire was declared in November.
1958 - In February, Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic (UAR).
1961 - Syria withdrew from the union with Egypt but Egypt remained in the UAR.
1965 - In March, King Faruq died in Rome.
1967 - In May, Egypt and Jordan signed defence pact. Israel said it increased danger of war with Arab states. In June, Egypt, Jordan and Syria started the Six-Day War with Israel and were defeated. Israel took the Sinai, the Golan Heights, the Gaza Strip, East Jerusalem and the West Bank.
1970 - In September, Nasser died and was replaced by his Vice-President, Anwar al-Sadat.
1971 - Egypt signed a Treaty of Friendship with the Soviet Union. Egypt's new constitution was introduced and the country was renamed the Arab Republic of Egypt. The Aswan High Dam was completed and had a huge impact on irrigation, agriculture and industry in Egypt.
1973 - In October, Egypt and Syria started the Yom Kippur War with Israel during Israel's celebration of the religious holiday. Egypt began negotiations for the return of Sinai after the war.
1975 - In June, the Suez Canal was re-opened. It had been closed since the 1967 war.
1976 - Anwar al-Sadat ended the Treaty of Friendship with the Soviet Union.
1978 - In September, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords for peace with Israel.
1979 - In March, the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel was signed. Egypt was condemned by other Arab nations and excluded from the Arab League.
1981 - On October 6, Anwar al-Sadat was assassinated by Jihad members. A National Referendum approved Husni Mubarak as the new president.
1987 - In October, Mubarak began his second term.
1989 - Egypt rejoined the Arab League.
1993 - In October, Mubarak began his third term in office.
1995 - In June, Mubarak was the target of an assassination attempt in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, upon his arrival at a summit of the Organisation of African Unity.
1997 - 58 tourists were killed by gunmen in front of the Temple of Hatshepsut near Luxor. It was alleged that Egypt's Islamic Group (al-jama'ah al'islamiyah) was responsible.
1999 - In October, Mubarak began his fourth term in office.
2000 - In December, Egypt, Lebanon and Syria agreed on a billion-dollar project for a pipeline to carry Egyptian gas under the Mediterranean to the Lebanese port of Tripoli.
2005 - In September, Mubarak was re-elected for a fifth consecutive term.
2005 - In December, Parliamentary polls ended with clashes between police and supporters of the opposition Muslim Brotherhood. The National Democratic Party and its allies retained their large parliamentary majority. Muslim Brotherhood supporters, elected as independents, won a record 20% of seats. More than 20 Sudanese migrants died after police break up a protest camp outside the UN offices in Cairo.
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