Progress

• "a period of extraordinary growth and consolidation"
• World Fairs in Philadelphia 1876, Chicago 1893
• railroad, typewriter, reaper, middlings purifier

Poverty

• the "dark underside" of capitalism
• "the tramp comes with the locomotive" (Henry George)
• wage dependence, unstable cycles, mechanization
• sharecroppers, women and child labor, domestic servants

Labor Theory of Value

• neighborhood cultures, church, ethnic mutual assistance
• saloon was a "central institution of working class culture
• spiritual evangelical ideology, brotherhood of man, justice for all, republicanism, dignity of labor
• boycotts, parades, songs, strikes
• Mary Sterling's "labor feminism" for broad reform
• Patrick McCarthy's "business unionism" for wages and working conditions
• Solidarity, IWW, Molly Maguires

Class conflict

• Haymarket, Homestead, Pullman, populists

Acquisitive individualism

• Horatio Alger's grit, Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

Insular cultures

• racism and nativism

Corporate consolidation

• Carnegie, Rockefeller, Duke, Washburn, Kellogg
• The Robber Barons

Symbols of the Age

• Corliss steam engine, Gold Medal flour, Cross of Gold, Brooklyn Bridge