4. Gateways to Empire

• Puget Sound, San Francisco Bay, San Diego Bay - purposeful pursuit of specific maritime objectives on the Pacific coast
• Fort Tacoma estab. at south end of Puget Sound, not Col. R.
• fur trade declined, rise of whaling, hide trade, mining
• from 232 whalers in 1820s to 675 in 1840s
• Heros of August Duhaut-Cilly 1829; Francis Baylies Co. of Boston
• Pilgrim of Richard Henry Dana 1835; Two Years Before the Mast; 150 days from Boston to San Diego
• Bryant & Sturgis took 500,000 hides 1822-42
• Maria Ester of Henry Virmond brought Henry Fitch to S.D. 1826
• rise of the Californios; civil war 1821-46; M. Vallejo at Sonoma
• Cyane of Catesby Jones seized Monterrey Oct. 1842 but returned
• Brit. estab vice-consulate Monterrey 1845; US consul T. O. Larkin
• Bear Flag Revolt by Ezekiel Merritt & 33 in Sonoma June 1846